Benomyl

Benomyl Basic information
Product Name:Benomyl
Synonyms:tersan1991;uzgen;Benomyl? benomyl 50 w;Benosan;Benzimidazolecarbamic acid, 1-(butylcarbamoyl)-, methyl ester;Carbamic acid, 1-(butylcarbamoyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl-, methyl ester;carbamic acid, methyl-, 1-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazolyl ester;fibenzol
CAS:17804-35-2
MF:C14H18N4O3
MW:290.32
EINECS:241-775-7
Product Categories:Fungicide
Mol File:17804-35-2.mol
Benomyl Structure
Benomyl Chemical Properties
Melting point >300 °C(lit.)
Boiling point 432.41°C (rough estimate)
density 1.1648 (rough estimate)
vapor pressure <5.0 x 10-6 Pa (25 °C)
refractive index 1.6000 (estimate)
storage temp. APPROX 4°C
solubility DMF: 30 mg/ml; DMF:PBS (pH 7.2) (1:3): 0.25 mg/ml; DMSO: 5 mg/ml; Ethanol: Slightly soluble
form Solid
pka4.2 (for carbendazim)
color Colorless
Water Solubility <0.1 g/100 mL at 20 ºC
Merck 13,1042
BRN 825455
Exposure limitsOSHA PEL: TWA 15 mg/m3 (total dust), 5 mg/m3 (respirable fraction); ACGIH TLV: TWA 10 mg/m3.
CAS DataBase Reference17804-35-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry ReferenceBenomyl(17804-35-2)
EPA Substance Registry SystemBenomyl (17804-35-2)
Safety Information
Hazard Codes T,N
Risk Statements 46-60-61-37/38-43-50/53
Safety Statements 53-45-60-61
RIDADR UN 3077 9/PG 3
WGK Germany 3
RTECS DD6475000
HazardClass 4.1
PackingGroup III
HS Code 29339900
Hazardous Substances Data17804-35-2(Hazardous Substances Data)
ToxicityLD50 orally in rats: >9590 mg/kg (Schafer)
MSDS Information
ProviderLanguage
SigmaAldrich English
Benomyl Usage And Synthesis
DescriptionBenomyl, a tan-coloured crystalline solid/powder, is a systemic fungicide with a characteristic odour. It belongs to the benzimidazole family. Benomyl decomposes at high temperature. Benomyl is essentially insoluble in water. It is stable under normal storage conditions but will decompose to carbendazim in water. On decomposition by heat, benomyl produces toxic fumes including nitrogen oxides. Benomyl is a systemic and broad-spectrum fungicide that is currently registered for use in more than 50 countries on more than 70 crops for the control of diseases in fruit trees, nut crops, vegetables, cereals, tropical crops and ornamentals, turf, and many field crops. Benomyl is marketed as a wettable powder and as a dry flowable formulation (dispersible granules).
Chemical PropertiesBenomyl is a white crystalline solid. Faint acrid odor.
UsesPost-harvest systemic fungicide used to control fungi and mildew on cotton, roses, soft fruits, tomatoes, cucumbers and other vegetables.
UsesFungicide; ascaricide.
UsesBenomyl is a systemic fungicide with both protective and curative activities. It is effective against more than 190 different fungal diseases in stone fruits, pome fruits, tropical and subtropical fruit crops, grapes, fruiting vegetables, cereals, etc. It is effective against fungal diseases caused by Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes spp., including leaf spots, blotches and blights; fruit spots and rots; sooty mould; scabs, bulb, corm and tuber decays; blossom blights; powdery mildew; certain rusts; common soil borne crown and root rots.
DefinitionChEBI: A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is the methyl ester of [1-(butylcarbamoyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamic acid. A foliar fungicide used to control a wide range of Ascomycetes and Fungi Imperfecti in a wide range of crops.
General DescriptionColorless to white crystals or off-white powder. Faint acrid odor.
Air & Water ReactionsInsoluble in water.
Reactivity ProfileBenomyl is incompatible with strong acids, peroxides and strong oxidizers. Decomposed by strong alkalis. Also decomposes on storage with water .
HazardHigh toxicity by ingestion. Upper respira- tory tract irritant, male reproductive, testicular, and embryo/fetal damage. Possible carcinogen.
Health HazardMildly toxic in rodent by ingestion, inhalation, and absorption through skin; large dosescan produce effects of carbamate poisoning;teratogenic and mutagenic effects reported;carcinogenic potential not known; mild skinirritant.
LD50 oral (rat): 10,000 mg/kg
LD50 skin (mouse): 5600 mg/kg
LD50 skin (wild bird): 100 mg/kg
Benomyl metabolizes to carbendazim(MBC) and 5-HBC. Animal studies indicatedthat benomyl and its metabolites rapidlyeliminated out within 24 hours of exposure.They do not accumulate in tissues over longterm exposure..



Fire HazardLiterature sources indicate that Benomyl is nonflammable.
Agricultural UsesFungicide: Used as a pre-harvest systemic fungicide and as a post-harvest dip. Used on arable and vegetable crops, apples, soft fruit, nuts, mushrooms, lettuce, tomatoes and turf. In California, the top five crops for which benomyl is used are pistachios, table and raisin grapes, almonds, strawberries and wine grapes. All uses of benomyl products in the United States was phased out with a deadline of December 31, 2003. Not approved for use in EU countries.
Trade nameABORTRINE®; AGROCITE®; ARILATE®; BBC 6597®; BENEX®; BENLAT®[C]; BENLATE®, withdrawn 5/7/01; BENLATE 50®; BENLATE 50 W®; BENLATE 50WP®; BENOMYL® 50 W; BENOSAN®; D 1991®[C]; F 1991®; FUNDAZOL®; FUNGICIDE 1991®; FUNGACIDE D-1991®; FUNGOCHROM®; TARSAN®; TERSAN®; TERSAN 1991®; UZGN®
Contact allergensBenomyl is a fungicide, derived from benzimidazole. Cases of sensitization were reported in horticulturists and florists. It is however, at most, a weak sensitizer, with possible false-positive patch reactions, or with crossreactions after previous exposure to other fungicides.
Safety ProfilePoison by ingestion. Mildly toxic by inhalation. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Human mutation data reported. A human skin irritant. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NO,. See also CARB AMATES.
Potential ExposureBenomyl is used as an agricultural chemical and pesticide, pharmaceutical, and veterinary drug.
CarcinogenicityBenomyl was genotoxic, causing chromosome aberrations in vitro and in vivo, but it does not directly act with DNA.
Environmental FateBiological. Mixed cultures can grow on benomyl as the sole carbon source. It was proposed that benomyl degraded to butylamine and methyl 2-benzimidazole-carbamate (MBC), the latter undergoing further degradation to 2-aminobenzimidazole then to carbon dioxide and other products (Fuchs and de Vries, 1978).
Soil. In soil and water, benomyl is transformed to methyl-2-benzimidazole and 2- aminobenzimidazole (Rhodes and Long, 1974; Ramakrishna et al., 1979; Rajagopal et al., 1984). Benomyl is easily hydrolyzed in soil to methyl-2-benzimidazole carbamat
Plant. On apple foliage treated with a Benlate formulation, benomyl was transformed to MBC. Benomyl dissipated quickly and the reported half-life on foliage was 3–7 days (Chiba and Veres, 1981).
Chemical/Physical. In aqueous solutions, especially in the presence of acids, benomyl hydrolyzes to the strongly fungicidal methyl-2-benzimidazolecarbamate (carbendazim) (Clemons and Sisler, 1969; Peterson and Edgington, 1969; Zbozinek, 1984; Cremlyn, 1991; Worthing and Hance, 1991) and butyl isocyanate (Zbozinek, 1984; Worthing and Hance, 1991). The latter is unstable in water and decomposes to butylamine and carbon dioxide (Zbozinek, 1984). In highly acidic and alkaline aqueous solutions (pH <1 and pH >11), benomyl is completely converted to 3-butyl-2,4-dioxo-[1,2-a]-s-triazinobenzimida zole (STB) with smaller quantities of methyl 2-benzimidazolecarbamate (MBC). In addi tion 1-(2-benzimidazolyl)-3-n-butylurea was identified but only under highly alkaline conditions (Singh and Chiba, 1985).
Emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides when heated to decomposition (Lewis, 1990).



Metabolic pathwayWhen benlate is degraded by the singlet oxygen photoreaction either in methanol or in aqueous hydrochloric solutions, carbendazim is identified as a major degradation product with the other nine degradation products from both reactions, including 2-guanidinobenzimidazole, benzimidazole, and 2,4'-and 2,5'-bibenzimidazoles which are identical to the photodegradation products of carbendazim by the singlet oxygen photoreaction in aqueous hydrochloric acid solution.
ShippingUN3077 Environmentally hazardous substances, solid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9—Miscellaneous hazardous material, Technical Name Required.
DegradationBenomyl (1) was stable under strongly acidic conditions (i.e. 5N HCl; Singh et al., 1992). Under mildly acidic conditions, benomyl was converted into carbendazim (MBC, 2) through the loss of n-butyl isocyanate (3). The mechanism of this reaction involves interaction between the electron pair at the N-1 position and the proton on the n-butylcarbamoyl nitrogen. The formation of this hydrogen bond leads to proton abstraction and the release of 3 (Calmon and Sayag, 1976a). Under alkaline conditions, the formation of MBC became secondary to the formation of 3- butyl-2,4-dioxo-s-triazino[1,2-a]benzimidazole(4 ) such that compound 4 was the major degradate at pH 13 (Calmon and Sayag, 1976b; Singh and Chiba, 1985). The DT50 values of benomyl at 25 °C in pH 5,7 and 9 solutions were 3.5, 1.5 and <1 hour, respectively (WHO, 1993). The relative stability of benomyl in strongly acidic solution was attributed to the protonation of the molecule (Singh et al., 1990).
Carbendazim (2) decomposed under alkaline conditions via the cleavage of the amide linkage to yield 2-aminobenzimidazole (2-AB, 5) (Watkins, 1976; Zbozinek, 1984). In pH 9 solution, the hydrolytic DT50 for MBC was ca. 54 days (WHO, 1993). Under extreme alkaline conditions, compound 4 was converted into 1-(2-benzimidazolyl)-3-n-butylurea (6) via the cleavage of the carbamoyl moiety (White et al., 1973). Butyl isocyanate (3), once formed, hydrolysed rapidly in aqueous solution to yield n-butylcarbamic acid (7) and n-butylamine (8) (Calmon and Sayag, 1976a). These products are shown in Scheme 1.
Photolysis was not a significant degradation pathway for benomyl in sterile pH 5 solution (Powley, 1985) under natural sunlight.

IncompatibilitiesIncompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides (forms toxic oxides of nitrogen). Decomposed in water or otherwise moist conditions.
Waste DisposalIn accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office.
Benomyl Preparation Products And Raw materials
Raw materials2-Butanone-->Carbendazim-->Butyl isocyanate
2-(AMINOMETHYL)-1-METHYLIMIDAZOLE Carbamic acid, 1H-benzimidazol-2-yl- (9CI) Methyl BENOMYL-UREA (CARBONYL-14C) Bensulfuron methyl Methyl carbamate Benomyl BENOMYL SOLUTION 100UG/ML IN ACETONITRILE 1ML Kresoxim-methyl Benomyl95%Tech,50%Wp Thiophanate-methyl BENOMYL SOLUTION 100UG/ML IN TOLUENE 1ML RAPID-SAMPLE DILUENT BENOMYL, 100ML (OHM ICRON # A00095) CARBAMIC ACID Benornyl+Thiram+Mancozeb,W.P.(50%) METSULFURON METHYL 2-AMINO-1-METHYLBENZIMIDAZOLE Phenyl carbamate

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