Potassium iodide

Potassium iodide Basic information
Product Name:Potassium iodide
Synonyms:LUGOL;LUGOL'S SOLUTION;IODIDE;IODIDE IC STANDARD;IODINE, ELEMENTAL;IODIDE, ION CHROMATOGRAPHY STANDARD SOLUTION;IODINE-IODINE;IODINE SOLUTION
CAS:7681-11-0
MF:KI
MW:166
EINECS:231-659-4
Product Categories:19: K;Beaded Materials;Chemical Synthesis;Crystal Grade Inorganics;Inorganic Salts;Materials Science;Pharmacopoeia (USP);Etchants;Electronic Chemicals;Micro/Nanoelectronics;metal halide;Metal and Ceramic Science;Potassium Salts;Synthetic Reagents;G - MTitration;Halogenated Solutions;Salt Solutions;Volumetric Solutions;Crystal Grade Inorganics;Inorganic Salts;Potassium Salts;PotassiumMetal and Ceramic Science;Salts;Synthetic Reagents;Pharmacopoeia A-ZPharmacopoeia (USP);Pharmacopoeial Inorganics;Halogenated SolutionsVolumetric Solutions;N - RSynthetic Reagents;Potassium;Titration;Inorganics;BioUltraDerivatization Reagents TLC;TLC Reagents, N-RDerivatization Reagents TLC;Molecular Biology;Molecular Biology Reagents;TLC Visualization Reagents (alphabetic sort);TLC Visualization Reagents (by application);Vitamins;PotassiumTitration;Solution containers (VOLPAC);Analytical Reagents for General Use;O-P, Puriss p.a.;Puriss p.a.;By Reference Material;Concentrates (e.g. FIXANAL);Halogenated ConcentratesConcentrates (e.g. FIXANAL);Reference Material Sodium thiosulfate;O-P, Puriss p.a. ACS;Puriss p.a. ACS;Essential Chemicals;Reagent Plus;Routine Reagents;Reference Material Silver nitrateTitration;Salt Concentrates;ACS GradeSynthetic Reagents;dyestuff;7681-11-0;bc0001
Mol File:7681-11-0.mol
Potassium iodide Structure
Potassium iodide Chemical Properties
Melting point 681 °C (lit.)
Boiling point 184 °C(lit.)
density 1.7 g/cm3
vapor density 9 (vs air)
vapor pressure 0.31 mm Hg ( 25 °C)
refractive index 1.677
Fp 1330°C
storage temp. 2-8°C
solubility H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
pka0.06[at 20 ℃]
form particles (round)
color Yellow
Specific Gravity3.13
Odorodorless
PH6.0-9.0 (25℃, 1M in H2O)
Water Solubility 1.43 kg/L
Sensitive Hygroscopic
Merck 14,7643
Exposure limitsACGIH: TWA 0.01 ppm
BCS Class1
Stability:Stable. Protect from light and moisture. Incompatible with strong reducing agents, strong acids, steel, aluminium, alkali metals, brass, magnesium, zinc, cadmium, copper, tin, nickel and their alloys.
InChIKeyNLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M
LogP-0.958 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference7681-11-0(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry ReferencePotassium iodide(7681-11-0)
EPA Substance Registry SystemPotassium iodide (7681-11-0)
Safety Information
Hazard Codes Xn
Risk Statements 26
Safety Statements 22-36/38
WGK Germany 1
RTECS TT2975000
10
TSCA Yes
HS Code 28276000
Hazardous Substances Data7681-11-0(Hazardous Substances Data)
ToxicityApprox LD i.v. in rats: 285 mg/kg (Hildebrandt)
MSDS Information
ProviderLanguage
Potassium iodide English
ACROS English
SigmaAldrich English
ALFA English
Potassium iodide Usage And Synthesis
Chemical PropertiesPotassium iodide is a white crystals, granules, or powder; strong, bitter, saline taste. becomes yellowish when exposed to bright light due to photochemical decomposition liberating traces of free iodine. Soluble in water, alcohol, acetone, and glycerol. slightly soluble in ether and ammonia. It may be prepared bythe reaction of iodine with hot potassiumhydroxide solution followed by separation from the iodate (which isalso formed) by fractional crystallization. In solution it has the interestingproperty of dissolving iodine to formthe triiodide ion I3-, which is brown. Potassium iodide is widely used as ananalytical reagent, in photography,and also as an additive to table salt toprevent goitre and other disordersdue to iodine deficiency.
Potassium iodide powder
OccurrencePotassium iodide is found in seaweed. Some important applications of this compound involve its use in pharmaceuticals and as a source of iodine in food,especially in animal and poultry feed. Potassium iodide is added to table salt to provide iodine in human food.
Another major use is in making photographic emulsions. In analytical chemistry, potassium iodide is used in iodometric titration with starch indicator to analyze dissolved oxygen, dissolved chlorine, sulfide, and other analytes in water.
UsesPotassium Iodide is a source of iodine and a nutrient and dietary supplement. it exists as crystals or powder and has a solubility of 1 g in 0.7 ml of water at 25°c. it is included in table salt for the preven- tion of goiter.Potassium Iodide is used primarily used in the treatment of radiation poisoning due to environmental contamination by iodine-131. It is also manufacture of photographic emulsions; in animal and poultry feeds to the extent of 10-30 parts per million; in table salt as a source of iodine and in some drinking water; also In animal chemistry. In medicine,potassium iodide is used to regulate the thyroid gland.
DefinitionChEBI: Potassium iodide is a metal iodide salt with a K(+) counterion. A compound that contains pentavalent iodine, which is usually ionically bound to electropositive atoms. It is a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals. It has a role as a radical scavenger and an expectorant. It contains an iodide. It is a type of iodine that is not radioactive and can be used to help block one type of radioactive material, radioactive iodine (I-131), from being absorbed by the thyroid.
PreparationPotassium iodide is made by absorption of iodine in potassium hydroxide:
I2 + 6KOH → 5KI + KIO3 + 3H2O
Most potassium iodate, KIO3 , is separated from the product mixture by crystallization and filtration. Remaining iodates are removed by evaporation of the solution and other processes, such as carbon reduction or thermal decompostion at 600oC to iodide:
2KIO3 → 2KI + 3O2
Another method of preparation that does not involve the formation of iodate is by treating iron turnings with iodine solution. The product, ferrosoferric iodide, Fe3I8?16H2O, is boiled with 15 wt% potassium carbonate solution:
Fe3I8.16H2O + 4K2CO3 → 8 KI + 4CO2 + Fe3O4 + 16H2O
A similar method is used to prepare potassium bromide, discussed earlier (see Potassium Bromide.)
Potassium iodide can be prepared by reacting hydriodic acid with potassium bicarbonate:
HI + KHCO3 → KI + CO2 + H2O
It is purified by melting in dry hydrogen.
Potassium iodide also may be obtained by various electrolytic processes.
ApplicationPotassium iodide was first used as the primary halide in Talbot’s calotype process, then in the albumen on glass process followed by the wet collodion process. It was also used as a secondary halide in silver bromide gelatin emulsions, animal feeds, catalysts, photographic chemicals, and for sanitation. Potassium iodide is produced by reaction of potassium hydroxide with iodine. The product is purified by crystallization from water. Potassium iodide is ionic compound which iodine ions and silver ions can form yellow precipitate silver iodide (when exposes to light, it can decompose, it can be used to make high-speed photographic film), silver nitrate can be used to verify the presence of iodine ions.
Brand nameIosat (Anbex); Thyro-Block (Medpointe); Thyrosafe (R R Registrations); Thyroshield (Fleming).
General DescriptionPotassium iodide is an odorless white solid. Sinks and mixes with water. (USCG, 1999)
Air & Water ReactionsWater soluble.
Reactivity ProfileBromine trifluoride rapidly attacks the following salts: barium chloride, cadmium chloride, calcium chloride, cesium chloride, lithium chloride, silver chloride, rubidium chloride, potassium bromide, potassium chloride, Potassium iodide, rhodium tetrabromide, sodium bromide, sodium chloride, and sodium iodide [Mellor 2, Supp. 1:164, 165. 1956].
Health HazardMay irritate eyes or open cuts.
PharmacokineticsPotassium Iodide is a metal halide composed of potassium and iodide with thyroid protecting and expectorant properties. Potassium iodide can block absorption of radioactive iodine by the thyroid gland through flooding the thyroid with non-radioactive iodine and preventing intake of radioactive molecules, thereby protecting the thyroid from cancer causing radiation. In addition, this agent acts as an expectorant by increasing secretion of respiratory fluids resulting in decreased mucus viscosity.
Clinical UsePotassium iodide is used to treat the cutaneous lymphatic form of sporotrichosis, although newer agents are also effective in this disorder and may be better tolerated tolerated. The drug is also used for erythema nodosum and nodular vasculitis.
Safety ProfilePoison by intravenous route. Moderately toxic by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. Human teratogenic effects by ingestion: developmental abnormalities of the endocrine system. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. Explosive reaction with charcoal + ozone, trifluoroacetyl hypofluorite, fluorine perchlorate. Violent reaction or ignition on contact with dazonium salts, diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate, bromine pentafluoride, chlorine trifluoride. Incompatible with oxidants, BrF3, FClO, metaltic salts, calomel. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of K2O and I-. See also IODIDES.
Purification MethodsCrystallise it from distilled water (0.5mL/g) by filtering the near-boiling solution and cooling. To minimise oxidation to iodine, the process can be carried out under N2 and the salt is dried under a vacuum over P2O5 at 70-100o. Before drying, the crystals can be washed with EtOH or with acetone followed by pet ether. It has also been recrystallised from water/ethanol. After 2 recrystallisations, ACS/USP grade had Li and Sb at <0.02 and <0.01 ppm respectively. [Lingane & Kolthoff Inorg Synth I 163 1939.]
NESSLER'S REAGENT BISMUTH POTASSIUM IODIDE Propidium iodide GRAM STAIN NO 2,IODINE AND POTASSIUM IODIDE TS,IODINE AND POTASSIUM IODIDE,IODINE POTASSIUM IODIDE SOLUTION,IODINE POTASSIUM IODIDE,GRAM STAIN SILVER POTASSIUM IODIDE, 99.99%,SILVER POTASSIUM IODIDE POTASSIUM IODIDE-IODATE,POTASSIUM IODIDE-IODATE STANDARD,POTASSIUM IODIDE/IODATE REAGENT Potassium iodide Potassium sorbate POTASSIUM IODIDE WITH CA STEARATE,POTASSIUM IODIDE WITH CALCIUM STEARATE GRAM STAIN POTASSIUM IODIDE WITH TIXOSIL SODIUM THIOSULPHATE/IODINE K Potassium Acetate Potassium chloride Potassium POTASSIUM CYANIDE ALKALINE IODIDE Potassium sulfate Potassium Iodide Reagent

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