Oxytocin

Oxytocin is also called Pitocin, is a kind of uterine contraction medicine, can be extracted from animal posterior pituitary or chemical synthesis, chemical synthesis including on vasopressin, no booster effect, selective excitate uterine smooth muscle, strengthen its contracting, uterus is most sensitive to oxytocin (estrogen secretion increase) when parturient , immature uterus have no reactivity to this product, pregnancy early or middle uterine have low reactivity to oxytocin, late pregnancy is gradually increased, and before the antepartum, the reactivity is the highest.
Oxytocin Basic information
Indications and Usage Mechanisms of Action Pharmacokinetics Adverse reactions Contradictions Warnings and Precautions
Product Name:Oxytocin
Synonyms:(1-hemicystine)-oxytocin;3-isoleucine-8-leucinevasopressin;atonino;cyclic(1-6)-di///;di-sipidin;glycinamide,l-cysteinyl-l-tyrosyl-l-isoleucyl-l-glutaminyl-l-asparaginyl-l-cys;nobitocins;+CYS-TYR-ILE-GLN-ASN-+CYS-+PRO-LEU-GLY-NH2
CAS:50-56-6
MF:C43H66N12O12S2
MW:1007.19
EINECS:200-048-4
Product Categories:Amino Acid Derivatives;Organics;Amino Acids 13C, 2H, 15N;Peptide;Amino Acids & Derivatives;Intermediates & Fine Chemicals;Pharmaceuticals;Vasopressin and Oxytocin receptor;Peptide Receptors;peptides for birth-giving use;Veterinary drugs;hormones;API;50-56-6
Mol File:50-56-6.mol
Oxytocin Structure
Oxytocin Chemical Properties
Melting point 192-194°C
alpha D22 -26.2° (c = 0.53)
Boiling point 1533.3±65.0 °C(Predicted)
density 1.1086 (rough estimate)
refractive index 1.6700 (estimate)
storage temp. 2-8°C
solubility Very soluble in water. It dissolves in dilute solutions of acetic acid and of ethanol (96 per cent).
form lyophilized powder
pkapKa ~6.1(free amino group on Cys) (Occasionally);~10(free phenol on Tyr) (Occasionally)
color White
Water Solubility Soluble in water.
Merck 13,7049
BRN 3586108
InChIKeyDSZOEVVLZMNAEH-BXUJZNQYSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference50-56-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
Safety Information
Hazard Codes Xi
Risk Statements 36/37/38
Safety Statements 26-36
RIDADR 3249
WGK Germany 3
RTECS RS7534000
3-8-10-23
HazardClass 6.1(a)
PackingGroup II
HS Code 2937190000
Hazardous Substances Data50-56-6(Hazardous Substances Data)
ToxicityLD50 oral in rat: > 20520ug/kg
MSDS Information
ProviderLanguage
Oxytocin English
SigmaAldrich English
Oxytocin Usage And Synthesis
Indications and UsageOxytocin (OT) is a type of uterine contraction drug and can be derived from the animal posterior pituitary or chemically synthesized.
Oxytocin is a uterine contraction drug that is mostly used in late pregnancy induction and stagnant birth due to weak uterine contractions. Suitable for inducing labor and alleviating pain. Commonly used with ergot preparations to be used in inducing labor, expediting labor, and in uterine bleeding due to weak uterine contractions following birth or still birth. Nose drops can be used to promote lactation.
Mechanisms of ActionOxytocin does not contain vasopressin and has no pressure-boosting effects. It can be absorbed through oral mucosa, selectively excite smooth uterine muscle, and intensify its contractions. The uterus is most sensitive to oxytocin when in labor (due to increased estrogen secretion), and an immature uterus will not respond to this drug. During early or mid-term pregnancy, the uterus has a relatively low reactivity to oxytocin, which gradually increases during late-stage pregnancy and peaks during labor. Small doses can strengthen the rhythmic contractions of smooth uterine muscles, increase their contractibility, increase their contraction speed, ensure similar contraction characteristics to that of a natural birth, and maintain polarity and symmetry. Thus, it is used clinically to expedite and induce labor. Large doses cause tonic contractions in the uterine muscles, so it is used clinically to burst blood vessels between muscle fibers, prevent postpartum hemorrhage, and ensuring postpartum recovery. It can also promote lactation by causing the breast ducts to contract and expel milk from the breasts, but it cannot increase the lactation amount.
PharmacokineticsIneffective when taken orally, as it can be damaged by digestive fluids, although it can be absorbed through oral mucosa. 1-3 minutes of venous infusion 0.01 IU can induce physiological uterine contractions (Rhythmic, polar, symmetrical) with a short time span, as its half-life is only 2.5-3 minutes. Large doses cause tonic uterine contractions.
Adverse reactionsOxytocin derived from cow or pig’s pituitary occasionally causes allergic reactions, and infusing too quickly may lead to mild vasodilation and hypotension. Patients who suffer from abruptio placentae, heart disease, or enlarged uterus, are over 35 years old, have a history of cesarean section or uterine muscle tumor removal, or are experiencing a breech birth should use with caution. Using oxytocin while experiencing a sacral block may lead to severe hypertension and even cerebrovascular rupturing. Cannot be injected in the same solution with norepinephrine. Incompatible with hydrolyzed proteins.
ContradictionsDo not use during birth if there are obvious signs of an unsymmetrical head, incorrect fetal position, exposed umbilical cord, prolapse, complete placenta previa, narrow pelvis, or overly intense uterine contractions. Not to be used by patients with overly narrow pelvises, histories of uterine surgery (including C-sections), excessive pains, blocked birth canals, abruptio placentae, or pregnancy poisoning.
Warnings and PrecautionsDosage and infusion speed must be strictly monitored when used to expedite or induce labor to prevent tonic contractions, which can suffocate the fetus or rupture the uterus.
DescriptionOxytocin is a peptide hormone containing nine amino acids secreted and synthesized by the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus and stored and released by the neurohypophysis. It acts in females by inducing uterine contractions during parturition and stimulating milk ejection by the mammary glands. No actions in males are known. Synthetic derivatives of oxytocin are used to induce labor and for therapeutic abortions. In recent years the safety of oxytocin has been greatly enhanced by the use of continuous maternal and fetal monitoring and by the use of controlled intravenous infusion of the drug.
Chemical PropertiesOxytocin is a white to yellowish brown powder, hygroscopic, easily soluble in water. It is a synthetic cyclic nonapeptide having the structure of the hormone produced by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland that stimulates contraction of the uterus and milk ejection in receptive mammals.
OriginatorSyntocinon,Sandoz,US,1957
UsesOxytocin is used as a peptide hormone that acts predominantly as a neurotransmitter; stimulates uterine contraction and lactation, increases Na+ excretion; stimulates myometrial GTPase and phospholipase C.
UsesOxytocin is a nonapeptide hormone primarily synthesized in magnocellular neurons of the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus. It is known best for its role in stimulating uterine contraction and lactation and is important for social memory and attachment, sexual and maternal behavior, and aggression. Also, it has been implicated in various non-social behaviors, including learning, anxiety, feeding, and pain perception.
DefinitionChEBI: Oxytocin is a cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour. It has a role as an oxytocic and a vasodilator agent. It is a peptide hormone and a heterodetic cyclic peptide.
Brand namePitocin (Parkdale); Syntocinon (Novartis);Oxytocin;Pituitrin.
Therapeutic FunctionOxytocic
BiosynthesisOxytocin is a cyclic nonapeptide that differs from vasopressin by only 2 amino acids. It is synthesized as a larger precursor molecule in cell bodies of the paraventricular nucleus, and to a lesser extent, the supraoptic nucleus in the hypothalamus. The precursor is rapidly converted by proteolysis to the active hormone and its neurophysin, packaged into secretory granules as an oxytocin-neurophysin complex, and secreted from nerve endings that terminate primarily in the posterior pituitary gland. In addition, oxytocinergic neurons that regulate the autonomic nervous system project to regions of the hypothalamus, brainstem, and spinal cord. Other sites of oxytocin synthesis include the luteal cells of the ovary, the endometrium, and the placenta.
General DescriptionOxytocin (OXT) is a potent natriuretic hormone encoded by the gene mapped to human chromosome 20p13. It is synthesized along with its carrier protein neurophysin I from its inactive precursor prepro-OXT. OXT gene consists of three exons and two introns, where first exon codes for hormone OXT while other exon codes for neurophysin I.
Health HazardUterine contraction, milk ejection, facilitates sperm ascent in female tract
Decreases membrane potential of myometrium, basic metabolic rate, and liver glycogen
Stimulates oviposition in hen, releases luteinizing hormone (LH)
Increases blood sugar and urinary sodium and potassium


Biochem/physiol ActionsOxytocin (OXT) and arginine vasopressin hormone plays a vital role in regulation of water excretion, parturition and lactation. OXT has been implicated in hydromineral homeostasis and vascular and cardiac relaxation. Oxytocin might function as an effective therapeutic for psychiatric diseases, including depression, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, and autism. OXT has a potential as a marker of autism severity. OXT is an anorexigenic neuropeptide, which is implicated in social cognition and obsessive-compulsive behavior. Plasma oxytocin levels are high in children with Prader-willi syndrome (PWS) compared with unrelated and unaffected siblings. Deficiency of OXT hormone might contribute to pathogenesis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Clinical UseOxytocin is a potent uterine stimulant that is used for the induction and augmentation of labor, antenatal fetal assessment, and control of postpartum hemorrhage. If used improperly, oxytocin can lead to such complications as uterine hypercontractility with fetal distress, uterine rupture, maternal hypotension, water intoxication, and iatrogenic prematurity. These complications can almost always be avoided if oxytocin is given in proper dosages and with careful fetal and maternal monitoring.
Safety ProfilePoison by intravenous route. Experimental reproductive effects. Oxytocin is a pituitary hormone which stimulates uterine contraction and milk production. The principal uterus-contracting and lactation-stimulating hormone of the posterior pituitary gland.
Veterinary Drugs and TreatmentsIn veterinary medicine, oxytocin has been used for induction or enhancement of uterine contractions at parturition, treatment of postpartum retained placenta and metritis, uterine involution after manual correction of prolapsed uterus in dogs, and in treating agalactia.
storage-20°C (desiccate)
Purification MethodsIt is a cyclic nonapeptide which is purified by countercurrent distribution between solvent and buffer. It is soluble in H2O, n-BuOH and isoBuOH. [Bodanszky & du Vigneaud J Am Chem Soc 81 2504 1959, Cash et al. J Med Pharm Chem 5 413 1962, Sakakibara et al. Bull Chem Soc Jpn 38 120 1965; solid phase synthesis: Bayer & Hagenmyer Tetrahedron Lett 2037 1968.] It was also synthesised on a solid phase matrix and finally purified as follows: A Sephadex G-25 column is equilibrated with the aqueous phase of a mixture of 3.5% AcOH (containing 1.5% of pyridine)/n-BuOH/*C6H6 (2:1:1) and then the organic phase of this mixture is run through. A solution of oxytocin (100mg) in H2O (2mL) is applied to the column which is then eluted with the organic layer of the above mixture. The fractions containing the major peak [as determined by the Folin-Lowry protein assay: Fryer et al. Anal Biochem 153 262 1986] are pooled, diluted with twice their volume of H2O, evaporated to a small volume and lyophilised to give oxytocin as a pure white powder (20mg, 508 U/mg). [Ives Can J Chem 46 2318 1968, Beilstein 22 III/IV 82.]
ISOTOCIN Oxytocin Impurtiy (PHE2,ORN8)-OXYTOCIN Oxytocin, monoacetate (salt) Oxytocin Cargutocin OXYTOCIN, [TYR-2,6-3H]- ([125I]-TYR)-OXYTOCIN BIOTIN-CYIQNCPLG-NH2 (DISULFIDE BRIDGE: 1-6) ALTRENOGEST OXYTOCIN CITRATE demoxytocin Nacartocin (+-) 1-BROMO-2-METHYLBUTANE 95 Glycinamide AMINO ACIDS pro-ocytocin-neurophysin convertase H-CYS-TYR-ILE-GLN-ASN-CYS-PRO-LEU-GLY-NH-CH2CH2F, (DISULFIDE BOND)

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