DL-Norephedrine hydrochloride

DL-Norephedrine hydrochloride Basic information
Product Name:DL-Norephedrine hydrochloride
Synonyms:[R*,S*]-[+/-]-ALPHA-[AMINOETHYL]BENZENEMETHANOL HYDROCHLORIDE;NOREPHEDRINE HCL;(+/-)-NOREPHEDRINE HYDROCHLORIDE;[+/-]-NOREPHEDRINE HYDROCHLORIDE;NOREPHEDRINE HYDROCHLORIDE;PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE HCL;(+/-)-PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE;PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
CAS:154-41-6
MF:C9H14ClNO
MW:187.67
EINECS:205-826-7
Product Categories:FLOMAX
Mol File:154-41-6.mol
DL-Norephedrine hydrochloride Structure
DL-Norephedrine hydrochloride Chemical Properties
Melting point 194-196 °C(lit.)
density 1.0969 (rough estimate)
refractive index 1.5330 (estimate)
storage temp. -20°C
solubility Dissolve 1.25 g in water R and dilute to 25 mL with the same solvent.
form A crystalline solid
pka9.44(at 25℃)
Merck 13,7391
CAS DataBase Reference154-41-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry SystemBenzenemethanol, .alpha.-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]-, hydrochloride (1:1), (.alpha.S)-rel- (154-41-6)
Safety Information
Hazard Codes Xn,T,F
Risk Statements 22-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-11
Safety Statements 22-36/37/39-45-36/37-16-7
RIDADR UN 2811
WGK Germany 3
RTECS DN4200000
HS Code 29394900
ToxicityLD50 orally in rats: 1490 mg/kg (Goldenthal)
MSDS Information
ProviderLanguage
(+/-)-Phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride English
SigmaAldrich English
DL-Norephedrine hydrochloride Usage And Synthesis
Chemical Propertieswhite crystalline powder. soluble in water and alcohol, insoluble in ether, chloroform and benzene.
OriginatorPropadrine, MSD ,US ,1941
UsesDL-Norephedrine is a psychoactive amphetamine that acts as a potent norepinephrine releasing agent (EC50 = 42-137 nM). It is less effective as a dopamine releasing agent (EC50 = 0.3-1.4 μM) and does not affect serotonin release. This product is intended for forensic and research applications.[Cayman Chemical]
Manufacturing ProcessIn one route as described in US Patent 2,151,517, 10.7 kg of technical benzaldehyde is vigorously agitated with a solution of 11.0 kg of sodium bisulfite in 50.0 liters of water until the formation of the addition-product is complete. Simultaneously, 8.25 kg of nitroethane is dissolved in a solution of 4.5 kg of caustic soda in 20.0 liters of water and the resultant warm solution is added with vigorous stirring to the magma of benzaldehyde sodium bisulfite. The mixture is agitated for 30 minutes and then allowed to stand overnight.
The aqueous portion of the mixture is now siphoned off from the supernatant layer of oily phenylnitropropanol and replaced with a fresh solution of 11.0 kg of sodium bisulfite in 50.0 liters of water. The mixture of phenylnitropropanol and bisulfite solution is now vigorously agitated for 15 minutes in order to remove and recover small amounts of unreacted benzaldehyde, and is then again allowed to stratify. This time, the phenylnitropropanol is siphoned off and filtered to remove a small amount of resinous material. The aqueous solution of sodium bisulfite remaining behind is reacted with benzaldehyde, as described above, thus making the process continuous.
The 1-phenyl-2-nitropropanol thus obtained is a colorless oil, specific gravity 1.14 at 20°C, odorless when pure, volatile with steam and boiling at 150° to 165°C under a pressure of 5 mm of mercury. It is soluble in alcohol, ether, acetone, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, benzene and glacial acetic acid. The yield of 1-phenyl-2-nitropropanolobtained by this procedure is 17.1 to 17.7 kg.
It is hydrogenated and converted to the hydrochloride in subsequent steps. The hydrogen chloride has a melting point of 192°-194°C.
In an alternative route described in US Patent 3,028,429 propiophenone may be reacted with an alkyl nitrite to give isonitrosopropiophenone which is then hydrogenated and finally converted to the hydrochloride.
Therapeutic FunctionNasal decongestant, Anorexic
General DescriptionPhenylpropanolamine hydrochloride is an odorless white to creamy-white crystalline powder. Bitter taste. pH (3% solution):4.5-6. pH (10% solution) 4.2-5.5. (NTP, 1992)
Air & Water ReactionsWater soluble.
Reactivity ProfileDL-Norephedrine hydrochloride is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
HazardPoison by ingestion.
Fire HazardFlash point data for DL-Norephedrine hydrochloride are not available; however, DL-Norephedrine hydrochloride is probably combustible.
Safety ProfilePoison by ingestion, subcutaneous, intravenous, intraperitoneal, and intramuscular routes. An experimental teratogen. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of HCl and NOx. Used as a raw material in cold and diet tablets.
DL-Norephedrine hydrochloride Preparation Products And Raw materials
Raw materialsSodium bisulfite-->Nitroethane-->CAUSTIC SODA FLAKES 99%MIN-->Hydrogen-->Hydrochloric acid-->Benzaldehyde-->phenyltoloxamine
Preparation ProductsOxyfedrine
Triethylamine hydrochloride Metoclopramide hydrochloride Phenylpropanolamine PHENYL RESIN Topotecan hydrochloride Methoxyammonium chloride ALTRENOGEST Diphenyl ether Dimethylamine hydrochloride PHENYL VALERATE Amiodarone hydrochloride 4-AMINOAZOBENZENE HYDROCHLORIDE 3-Aminopropanol Dopamine hydrochloride Phenyl salicylate Cysteamine hydrochloride Phenylacetic acid 1-Propanol Norephedrine Hydrochloride

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